The thyroid gland is situated in the neck, above and adjacent to the trachea or windpipe. The secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Over or under activity of these glands are the most common thyroid disorders. Swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland can occur and lumps can develop within the thyroid gland. A rare disease in which multiple glands in the body for tumors occurs under the heading of multiple endocrine neoplasia. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroiditis, thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer occurs.
Causes of Thyroid Disorders
Autoimmune disorders and thyroid nodules may produce hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism often is due to thyroiditis, occasionally to pituitary tumors. Thyroiditis is an inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune response. Thyroid tumors are caused usually by a mutation.
Signs and Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders
The symptoms of thyroid disorders depend on the underlying condition. In hyperthyroidism, rapid heart beat, weight loss, tremor, heat intolerance and swelling in the neck may occur. In hypothyroidism, fatigue, weight gain, constipation, intolerance for cold, hair loss and menstrual irregularities may occur. Goiter produce an enlargement of the thyroid. Thyroiditis produces the symptoms of hypothyroidism. It may be associated with anemia, and changes in skin pigmentation. Thyroid nodules produce a lump in the neck. Difficulties with swallowing and breathing may occur. They may be associated with increased thyroid activity. Cancer produces a painless, hard lump in the neck. Hoarseness and difficulty swallowing may occur.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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