A dural fistula is a connection that exists between the subarachnoid space and the outside world. The subarachnoid space is the place where spinal fluid is located. At times, a channel will develop which allows spinal fluid to drain either outside of the body or to another location of the body. This can lead to infections, such as meningitis, as bacteria gains access to this same subarachnoid space.
Causes of Dural Fistula
Dural fistulas can be the result of trauma to the skull. These usually produce basilar skull fractures, where spinal fluid may drain into the sinuses, middle ear, or nasal cavity. Tumors may erode both the dura and the skull. Persistent hydrocephalus can rarely produce a dural fistula. Infections from the middle ear and sinuses can occasionally erode the skull and the dura. Surgical procedures to the brain, the eyes, and the sinuses can all produce dural fistulas. Spinal fluid fistula in the spine can be the result of trauma, surgery or tumors. Occasionally, diagnostic tests can lead to fistulas of the dura.
Signs and Symptoms of Dural Fistula
Dural fistulas usually are discovered by noticing fluid leaking from the nose, the ear or down the throat. They may occur spontaneously or after trauma. Symptoms of meningitis may be the first signs. These include headache, fever, stiff neck, nausea and vomiting. Surgical procedures may produce iatrogenic dural fistulas either in the spine or in the head. In the back, spinal fluid leaks may lead to headaches and swelling in the back.
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Medical Content Last Updated on 07/12/2008
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